The Science Behind Love Essay Example for Free

The Science Behind Love Essay What is this thing called love? There are so many definitions that people can come up with for love. Some are easy to understand while others do not make that much sense. Many people think that love is something that happens in a split of a second. Actually what people don’t know about love is that it does not happen in a split of a second. Psychologists and scientists have said that in order for someone to fall in love, it would take at least 90 seconds to 4 minutes (Fisher, 2004). Many studies have been done to prove that the brain of the individual that is in love goes through a weird domino effect. It produces certain chemicals that make the individual act strange when the person is in love. It has also been said that in a way, science can help people that are in relationships (The evolution of romance, 2007). So the main questions would be that what are the chemicals that make a person in love and what are the tips that science can offer to benefit the relationships of people who are in love? Many people have this one question in their mind: what is love? What is the full definition of it? There is no one definite definition for it but one can conclude that love is something magical and it is something that everyone experiences in their life at one point. So what does love do to a person? How does it make them feel physically, emotionally, and mentally? When a person is in love, physically it does not really do that much. It does not change how to person looks or anything. What love does to a person is more mental and emotional changes. Mentally what love does to a person is that it makes them crazy; in other words, it makes them do some weird things (Middleton Anderson, 2006). Emotionally what love does to a person is that it makes them love someone else who is their everything in their life. At times it is weird how a person who is so much in love acts; they would say stupid things and do stupid things too (Thorton, Carmody, 2010). Many studies have been done to show that love does not involve just the heart. It also involves the brain. Read more:  Persuasive Essay Example About Love Actually the brain does play a huge part in the whole sequence of love. In other words, it goes through some weird domino effect that no one had ever thought about. Researchers have found out that there are these certain chemicals, or more like hormones, that are produced in the body which are sent to the brain (Murphy,m2001). These certain chemicals would be oxytocin, serotonin, and dopamine. The parts of the brain that these chemicals play on the most would be the hippocampus and the thalamus (Murphy, 2001). There are many differences that can be said between men and women when they are in love. According to researchers, they say that women are more willing to make a change in the relationship while at times, men are just there. Men do some things to make a relationship work but not as much as the women would do it. Now researchers are wondering is it because of the chemicals that are in the brain that is making the women act much differently than the men. Researchers have also found out the in women, there is a higher amount of serotonin and dopamine but in men, there is a higher level of oxytocin (Young, 2009). It is due to the cause that since women produce estrogen where men produce testerone so it is due to these factors that men and women have different levels of these three chemicals that help play the role of love (Young,2009). They also those animals also have many differences among the humans. It is true that animals do experience love just the way that humans do and to some extent, they also have the same chemicals in their brains as well but not as much as the humans do (Rooks,2009). So what kind of love has to happen in order for the brain to be the major factor in the love process? Researchers have concluded that it can be almost any type of love. It can be a crush, deep love, intense love or any type of love that exist in this world today. Studies have shown that it takes about 90 seconds to 4 minutes to actually like someone or even possibly fall in love with them (Fisher 2004). It is pretty interesting that you can fall in love with someone within seconds and minutes but what does that brain have to do it? Let’s explore some of the studies that certain scientists have done. One of the famous studies that have been was by Helen Fisher who is a professor at Rutgers University in New Jersey. Fisher had a hypothesis where the three chemicals dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin have a major role in the brain when a person is in love. She decided to conduct a study where she would give the volunteers a picture of the person that they love then showing them another picture of someone else. This test would tell us how quickly the brain reacts with these three chemicals in play. After that, their brains would be scanned under a brain scanner which would show more evidence for this experiment. It would show the blood flow activity that happens when the chemicals play around with the brain. Many volunteers were interested in this case study yet there were some groups of people that were not allowed to participate in the case. People with some type of metal in their heads, for example lip ring or braces were not allowed to be in the study. People that were claustrophobic or were left handed were not allowed either. They wanted people that were passionately in love and that could hardly eat, sleep or drink because they are that much in love. Fisher was astonished with the results that she found upon this study. Her exact finding in this study was that the three chemicals that she used in her hypothesis were correct Before scientists only concluded that body movements is what made us react when we are in love but now it is proven to fact that the brain has its own central and network for the actions that are related in love. Her conclusion was that there was a part of the brain that played around the most with the subjects. All three of the chemicals that she used in her hypothesis were also in the brain that played the major part when a person is in love. There was this dopamine mother lode. What this does is that it elevated the amount of dopamine that goes into the brain when the person was in love. Many people think that love is a very small process that happens in the brain but it is clearly a much more difficult process (Fisher, 2004). Another famous study that was done was by the authors Bianch-Demicheli, Grafton and Ortigue (2006).Bianch-Demicheli, Grafton and Ortigue combined their findings when they conducted experiments where they would tell their study subjects the name of their lovers and with that, they would scan their brains and see how the brain reacts when basically their lover is the only thing that is in their mind. Another study was conducted where instead of saying the subject’s lover’s name; they would say a favorite sport, TV show or something along that nature and see the difference it has on the brain. They had about 46 participants that were willing to be part of the study. Two studies were conducted yet it was separated in men and women. The results were that there was a similar reaction time that happened between both experiments yet for the women, there was a little faster reaction time where they could think of their beloved much faster than the men. The time that they would think about their lover to the time that they would think about their favorite past time was the same. It also showed that their responses to the to lover’s name was much more active in the brain then the responses to their favorite pastime. The study that was done by Ortigue and her team explains to us that actually what parts of the brain are active when that individual is in love. It also does a control experiment where instead of using the individual’s lover’s picture, they would use another picture of some type of hobby that they like to do. By showing both the lover’s picture and the picture of their favorite hobby, at times, the brain levels were almost the same. Similar studies have been done to conclude the same facts and data that Fisher and Ortigue and team have found in their experiments. Robert Epstein teaches a course on relationship science where he makes his students participate in numerous amounts of experiments that would prove in a way what science has to do with relationship and how they can help as well. Robert Epstein is a professor at the University of California where he teaches a course on relationship science. He believes that in order for his students to understand the subject matter better, they should have hands-on exercises and experiments, one of which is Soul Gazing where he would pair each of the students with someone else and have them look deeply into each other’s eyes. From this whole class, 89 percent of them experienced a lot of intimacy feelings between them. Epstein then explains to us how almost half of the US first marriages fail and he believes that the only way to fix the poor relationship performance is to find a â€Å"practical technology technique† (2010) and then teach it to the people. . In a study that was done by James D. Laird and his fellow colleagues in 1989, Epstein says that Mutual Eye Gazing made the subjects in the study have a lot of feelings which rapidly increased. Those feelings made the subjects like and love total strangers. Both Soul Gazing and Mutual Gazing increased intimacy and it made the people feel vulnerable. A lot of the exercises showed some obvious results between males and females. One of the males showed no positive effects when he did the exercise with another guy. To him, it made him feel very uncomfortable. Yet when he did the exercise with a girl, his intimacy rate went up by 25 percent but the girl’s rate went up by 144 percent! By this, once can conclude that girls have more intimacy feelings then boys. One of the students Olivia did another exercise Secret Swap where it creates vulnerability when people share their close secrets with each other. When Olivia did this exercise with her mother, both intimacy and vulnerability rates went up 31 percent. She did the Soul Gazing with a total stranger and her intimacy rate went up 70 percent. It’s quite amazing that with a total stranger, your intimacy rates go up. There are some examples of movies and books that can portray these findings that these scientists have found. One good example that can easily relate would the famous story of Romeo and Juliet. With the studies that Robert Epstein has conducted, Romeo and Juliet are closely related. In the story, Romeo and Juliet see each other for the first time and right then and there, they fall in love. In other words, this can be stated as â€Å"love at first sight†. This can conclude the studies by Epstein and Fisher when she said that a person can fall in love with someone from 90 seconds to 4 minutes. Romeo and Juliet just see each other for the very first time and instantly they fell in love. People in the modern world still think that â€Å"love† is so unrealistic. Honestly in a way, that is kind of weird because they did not even know each other for even a minute and they fell in love. Another example of these findings would this Indian movie called Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, directed by Karan Johar. This movie is about two friends Rahul and Anjali in college and they are best friends throughout their four years of college. Everyone would think that they are in love but they are not really. Rahul would always say that I am going to find the perfect girl for me and Anjali would help him out. Until the day another girl Tina came. Right then and there, Rahul started to fall in love with Tina but there was nothing more than flirting between them. Then during their English literature class, they were talking about Shakespeare and his Romeo and Juliet story. The question was asked â€Å"what is love?† This was Rahul’s answer: â€Å"Love is friendship† (Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, 1998). Anjali was in shocked because her and Rahul were really good friends and she started to think that Rahul did like her. She started to fall in love with Rahul but really, he was in love with Tina and Anjali was devastated with this so she decided to leave college because she could not bear to see the Rahul and Tina in love because she really loves Rahul but he takes her nothing more than a friend. This type of movie can be closely related would be the Ortigue’s and her team. In conclusion, there is science behind the whole concept of love. It is not only involved with the heart and mind but the parts of the brain are also involved. Now that everyone knows the full definition of love and now everyone would think twice when they fall in love with someone. References: Brownless, S. (1997). Can’t do without love. U.S. News World Report, 122 (6), 58 This article talks about how science nowadays are related to love and how people react. Studies have shown that a certain chemical oxytocin plays a major role in the brain. The author also explains a certain study that was done on rodents and the results from that. Epstein, R. (2010). How science can help you fall in love. Scientific American Mind 20(7), 26-33 This article explains to us how in a successful love relationship, science can play major role. The author conducted a lot of studies that would prove to us that science can help with relationships and how it can fix America’s poor relationship status. Helmuth, L. (2000). Love on the brain. Science Now, 3 This article explains a specific case study that was done on students from a London. It tells us the specific brain areas that are highly activate when those students were in love. Middleton, L. Anderson, A. (2006). What is this thing called love? New Scientist 190(2549), 32-34 This article helps us understand whether science can help us understand love even more. Scientists are now finding certain chemicals in the brain that helps a person fall in love. It also explains to us how a person falls in love using that certain chemical. Murphy, L. (2001). It’s all in your mind. Psychology Today, 34(5), 26 This article tells us specifically which areas in the brain are deeply effected when a person is in love. The author conducts a special case study and tell us future findings in how we should measure love. Ortigue, S., Grafton, T.S., Demicheli-Bianchi, F. (2006). The power of love on the human brain. Social Neuroscience, 1 (20), 90-103. This article tells us about the recent discovery of the brain and how it is related and how it reacts when a person is in love. It talks about two experiments that has be done by these authors and their findings from each of the experiments. Rooks, J.P. (2009). The science of love. Skeptic, 15(1), 73-74 This article talks about how animal’s brain are somewhat related to the human’s brain. It also tells us what we can conclude from this finding. The evolution of romance. (2007) Harvard Mental Health Letter, 23(9), 6-7 This article discusses the study that is done on romantic love. It uses a another study as a reference from H. E. Fischer and come to the fact that love is related to one of the brain systems and with that, it becomes much stronger. Thorthon, E.K. Carmody, P. D. (2010). Depression, love, happiness and the quantitative electroencephalography in a single case study. Biofeedback, 38 (1), 13-18. The authors of this article talk about how closely related emotions and how the brain functions are. They explain to use how different emotions (sad, happy, being in love) react in the brain by doing a case study and explaining to us the results and the conclusions founded by the authors. Young, LJ. (2009). Being human: love: neuroscience reveals all. Nature, 457(7226), 148 This article talks about how the brain reacts differently in both men and women. The author describes how men are different compared to how women are different and also how their brain scans are different too.

Change management models and processes

Change management models and processes I) Three major model of change: 1) Lewins Change Model 2) McKinsey 7-S Change Model Let go through these each model in brief†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1) Lewins change model: Kurt Lewin projected a three stage theory of change generally referred to as Unfreeze, Change, and Freeze. Stage 1: The first stage of Lewins change model is unfreeze, the stage is about being prepared for change, the model is trying to show that change is essential ,and we have to ready for change by putting all our present comfort and habits. This stage is about to make ready ourselves and other before the change. By putting Unfreeze Lewins want to say following things: Its about to understand others that change is required and its an essential process. Change requires overcoming from failure and for achieving better things for organization. Stage 2: The second stage is called as Change or Transition, in this stage people start to change they have many doubts and fear in their mind relating to change which is going to be occurring, at this stage they need all support, in the form of learning training guiding and support that mistake are the part and elements of this stage. This stage is about: To make change by putting out all traditional and odd things To being prepare for change Providing support in the form of training, guiding in the processes of change Stage 3: The third stage is called as Refreeze: At this stage people starts to use to with the changes which occurs in second stage, they start believing in change, refreezing may be a slow process as transition rarely stop cleanly, but go more in fits and starts with a long tail of bits and pieces. There are good and bad things about this. The apparent signs of the refreeze are a steady organization chart, reliable job descriptions, and so on. The refreeze stage also wants to help people and the organization internalize or institutionalize the changes. This means making sure that the changes are used all the time; and that they are incorporated into everyday business. With a new logic of constancy, staff feel positive and happy with the fresh ways of working. Advantages of Lewins change model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. It is a very simple and easy model to understand, by giving example of ice-cube Lewin;s very simply tried to understood this model. He puts three different stage to understand each stage like first stage unfreeze in which he try to understand about essentialness of changes, second stage changes in which people start to change towards new ideas, like policy procedure, rules and regulation, and third stage in which changes starts to give benefit. ii) Process for implementing change†¦ The Kotters introduce 8-steps process for implementing change Step One: Create Urgency For change to take place, it helps if the entire company really wants it. Develop a sense of urgency around the need for change. This may help you spark the initial motivation to get things moving. This isnt merely a matter of showing people poor sales figures or talking about enlarged rivalry. Open an honest and credible dialogue about whats happening in the marketplace and with your competition. If many people start talking about the change you propose, the urgency can build and feed on itself. What you can do: Classify possible fear, and expand scenarios viewing what could occur in the future. Look at opportunities that should be, or could be, oppressed. Start straightforward debate, and give energetic and realistic reasons to get people talking and thinking. Demand shore up from consumers, outside stakeholders and industry people to support your argument. Step Two: Form a Powerful Coalition Encourage people that change is essential. This may takes tough leadership and noticeable support from key people within your organization. Managing change isnt enough you have to lead it. In this step we can do following things Recognize the real leader in our organization. Work on team structure within your change coalition. To get know the different areas in which the team is weak, to find out the strength and its weakness.. Step Three: Create a Vision for Change In this stage, it is very essential to create a strong vision for change, to let people know why change is necessary, this is the process to about know what the benefits of change are, this clear vision will encourage them to prepare themselves for change In this step we have to do following things To make a clear and easy vision, to understand people the purpose of change To make a strategy for change. Step Four: Communicate the Vision Ones vision has been created its a essential to communicate that vision, means to watch out the plan, process and procedure properly working as per planning, things are going properly or not is the essential part of this process . We can do the following things in this step: Converse frequently about your change vision. Honestly and sincerely speak to peoples concerns and anxieties. Apply your vision to all aspects of operations from training to performance reviews. Tie everything back to the vision. Step Five: Remove Obstacles. In this step we have to identify the factors which are obstacles for change, to watch out all the activities in organization, to know whether things are going as plan or there is any barrier towards plan activity. Identify and reward people for making change happen. Recognize people who are resisting the change, and help them see whats needed. Take action to quickly remove barriers. Step Six: Create Short-term Wins Success motivates everyone, to make winning habits in staff, to make short term goal and try to achieve them first along with direction for long term goals To reward people for their achievement. To appreciate work To make weekly target instead of long term planning Step Seven: Build on the Change In this step we have to analyze the things, what went right and what went wrong in the process of change, to look after the area in which improvement is needed. After every win, examine what went correct and what requirements needed to improve. Set goals to continue construction on the impetus youve achieved. Keep thoughts fresh by bringing in new change agents and leaders for your change combination. Step Eight: Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture Make persist efforts to make sure that the change is seen in each and every part of your organization. This will help give that change a solid place in your organizations culture. Consist of the change principles and ethics when hiring and training new staff. Publicly recognize key members of your original change coalition, and make sure the rest of the staff new and old remembers their contributions. Create plans to replace key leaders of change as they move on. This will help ensure that their legacy is not lost or forgotten. iii) Why people resist change†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1) Fear: The most important factor for which people resist change is fear, fear of unknown they dont know about changes, thats why they started to fear, for example if the labor company announce changes that now they will take more use of computers to improve their techniques it certainly creates fear on present employees who dont know how to use it and they start to resist about the changes. 2) Comfort: This is also one of the reason for which people resist change, because they do not want to leave their present comfort, they think that if change occurs than they have to work more hard for getting things done..for example if company announce that marketing department now have to achieve weekly sales target than certainly the present employees have to work more hard and hence they might resist it. 3)Lack of trust: This is one the reason people resist change, if people havent trust or faith on changes or idea than they start to resist changes, for example if the employees of the company do not have trust on their manager capability than they create doubts on employee mind and hence they do not trust him. 4) Dont know about changes: one of the reason people resists changes because people dont know about changes, they dont know about their importance, they dont know how they going to benefit them, they have not any kind of idea regarding to changes, for example †¦.if company announce incentive system for their employees instead of fixed salary than employee start to oppose it even they have a chances to get benefited by high incentive system, all these because of lack of knowledge. 5) Dont trust on their capabilities: This is one of the reason why people resist changes because they have doubts on their capabilities, they dont think that they will able to make adjustment. IV. I recommended Lewins change model is best to use for a change management model because of its simple description, by giving example in three stages Lewins very simply described about his three stage change model, the three stage process includes unfreeze, change, and refreeze. http://www.mindtools.com/media/Diagrams/Lewin.gif Reason for recommendation of above model: As we can see in diagram the lewins very simply gave example based on ice about three stage change†¦.figure one described as a unfreeze in which there is a picture of large ice cube by which Lewins try to say at first stage people are very use to their routine works and very happy to do work with their old and traditional techniques, even though if they know this techniques is not very useful or worthless for goodwill of the company, but as they very use to with that method of work they denied change, for example if a patient of village very use to with homeopathy and naturopathy treatment which is referred by doctor at old times than certainly that patient denied to do surgery and operation for his illness which was recommend by doctor at modern times so its hard to convince them about the benefit of latest technology of health improvement same the case applies here, in this stage the task is to convince people of change them and to tur n them to modern techniques which can be beneficial and useful to them. The second figure show that the large ice-cube turns to round shaped ice-cube, which change its shape, by this Lewins tried to say in this stage that this stage is about change, change from rigid structure towards the new one as we can see in the figure that ice-cube change its shape to round structure, so that people start to change themselves and have to come out with adapting new ideas, knowledge, and techniques which would be more beneficial and successful for both for organization and also for themselves. To start adopting new ideas ,and technology of work by coming out from old ones , like for example the company make change in their timing to start their work from 10 clock to early 8pm so that employee get more time to done their task and can achieve high incentive , which is profitable to both employees and the company as well but at a certain period of time employee also have to be aware of benefit from the situation otherwise it will create doubts on their mind regarding to changes like they have work more hard in lesser wages so might they dont prefer it, at this time they require more proper guidance, knowledge and training regarding to changes so this change can be worth full for the company, at this time people are learning new things and adapting new ways in their work so they require all the support , training from their supervisor. The third figure shows the stability from the 3rd figure we can see the steady ice-triangle by which Lewins try to show the refreeze model, means once the change has been made in second stage now the people accepted those changes as per their new routines and norm now they started to accept that changes as per their daily routine work for example they start to find them comfortable with the new timings , new incentive base system, new product and procedure of the company, things are going easily for them as they know what to do , so the task is to fellow this procedure and practice properly for easy going. Advantages and disadvantages of this model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Lewins change model is very simple and easy to understand, its shown in three simple stages, so the company till using this model. In unfreeze process Lewin,s show that company needs changes, which can be done by Motivating employee towards the change, which called sense of urgency towards change, it use Simple language. Role of leader in particular change model: The leader must have to make afford to motivate his employee towards new changes The leadership must adopt training and guiding process for employee in order to get them ready for change. They have to create an appropriate plan and to work upon that, like for example if they want to increase their sale than they have to work upon marketing and advertising skills so that they can achieve their sales target. Once the change has been made leader has use his techniques and qualities like providing training and guiding to their employee, so they can work well. Change strategies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The following steps are to be taken for change strategies Recruitment on the basis of qualification, for example if someone need in marketing sector than the guys must be take on the qualification base on marketing, the person who has marketing subject or degree on it, if needs in administration than prefer more to MBA student so this can create specialization which is good for a company. Use of the techniques which is essential for company , like if there is more administration work than there should more computer place in the company so that work flow can go easy and good To develop training programs for their new employee, to know about the company well to be aware of all its process and procedure so when they start their real work they dont feel unnecessary burden on them. Interview system, to modify it so that right people can select for right position, like for example if person have to select for account position than interview must conduct on accounting basis instead of testing his or her general knowledge.

Essay --

Cyber Crimes are crimes committed via the Internet. In some cases, the source of attack is the computer system. These types of attacks can come in the forms of computer viruses such as worms or Trojan horses, DOS (denial of service), and electronic vandalism. (OJP, 2013). The computer can also be used to commit theft such as embezzlement, financial information, and fraud. Other uses involves malicious adware, phishing, spoofing, spyware, and hacking; to name a few. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, over the past few years, have worked diligently monitoring and combatting criminal behavior occurring on the Internet. To do this, they have joined forces with the National White Collar Crime Center and formed an organization known as the IC3. The IC3 was developed in 2000 with its purpose of combating Internet crimes. This organization accepts criminal complaints that occur on the Internet. The IC3 conducts investigations into the complaints and with sufficient evidence or cause, refers them to state, local, federal or international law enforcement agencies for further investigations. The IC3 mission is to â€Å"serve as a vehicle to receive, develop, and refer criminal complaints regarding the rapidly expanding arena of cybercrime.† (IC3, n.d.). According to the IC3, in 2008, they received 275,284 complaints. Compared to the 2007 complaints, there were 33.1% more complaints. The majority of the complaints filed were related to both fraudulent and non-fraudulent issues on the Internet. The crimes reported consisted of non-delivery of merchandise and/or payment which was 32.9%, auction fraud represented 25.5% of the complaints, credit and debit card fraud represented 9.0% of complaints, Confidence fraud, computer fraud, and check f... ... loss: $4,187.†(IC3, 2012). In 2012, the IC3 received 289,874 complaint submissions. Of these 39.64% reported financial loss. The 2012 Internet Crime Report indicated that the overall statistics were as so: Total complaints received: 289,874, Complaints reporting loss: 114,908, Total Loss: $525,441,110.00, Median dollar loss for those reporting a loss: $600.00, Average dollar loss overall: $1,813.00, Average dollar loss for those reporting loss: $4,573.00. (IC3, 2013). Based on the statistics and rise in Internet crime since the organization was formed in 2000, the need for additional staffing has been sufficient enough to withstand the number of complaints received on a monthly basis. For states that experience high levels of a particular Internet crime, the IC3 should consider increasing staff in an effort to combat the crimes that plague that particular area.

Personal Writing: Devon :: essays research papers

Personal Writing: Devon I walked into the smoke filled coffee shop to meet Devon. Devon is 18 years old, a senior in high school. He likes art and is currently taking college art classes. I have only meet Devon once before, in the mall. He caught my eye because he was wearing a pink fuzzy sweater, a pair of army pants, and a pair of combat boots. I looked for Devon at the coffee shop but he wasn't there. I was 20 minutes early so I took a seat next to a small round table. The only thing on the table was an ashtray. I could see the smoke lingering from the top of the dim lit room. The door opened and Devon walked in. This time he was dressed in all black with a pair of bright red shoes on. He walked confidently, slouched over with a slight strut. He waved at some people in the corner booth and smiled, the people waved back and yelled, "Hay, Devon." As he looked in my direction I waved at him to get his attention. When he reached the table I shook his hand and introduced myself. He introduced himself "Hi my name is Devon." He sat down on the other side of the small table. Devon is well known in the coffee shop. He goes to the coffee shop about 3 times a week and tries to meet someone new every time he goes. He is really nice and it's not hard for him to make friends. Almost everyone in the shop know who he is. If he sees someone he doesn't know he'll go up and talk to them. Devon told me why he dressed the way he does, "I do it to show people that everyone is different and to like them for who they are." Devon does not take a look at anybody and judge them for that one look. When he meets someone he automatically likes them, once he gets to know them he makes his decision not to like them if that's the case. As Devon lit up a cigarette and took a puff he told me about some of his life. "I haven't dressed like this all of my life. One day I got all wet when my family went to the lake. I put on a pair of my dad's clothes and the were big and baggy on me. As we pulled in the driveway to our house one of my friends saw me and told me I looked like a freak.

Violence and the Brain Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Violence and the Brain Is there a biological basis for violent behavior in the brain? Recent research links "neurological impairments and psychoses" to violent behavior (1). The "psychological effects" of brain damage and disease can cause the mind to lose touch with reality leading to criminal and violent behavior (1). As a result, free will may be deserted in an individual suffering from abnormalities and chemical imbalances in the brain (2). Consequently, legal issues arise because violent offenders with mental illnesses or brain injuries are not always to blame due to the biological nature of their diseases (2). However, violence in psychiatric and neurological patients can be prevented for the most part through medication and "social support services" (1). A PBS video, "The Violent Mind" sparked my interest in the relationship between violence and the brain. The video presented several cases of violent assault which could be attributed to chemical imbalances in the brain (2). For example, the video illustrated the story of David Garabedian, a quiet passive man who murdered a customer of the lawn car company where David was an employee (2). David mixed lawn chemicals in their undiluted form which caused him to experience physical and mental changes in his body (2). Dr. David Bear, a physician from Vanderbuilt Medical School who looked into Davids case, claimed organophosphates in the insecticide poisoned the enzyme that clears away acetylcholine in the hypothalamus (2). Moreover, Dr. Bear stated that acetylcholine sends signals between the cells which coordinate aggression (2). This explains Davids reaction when the customer caught David urinating on her lawn (2). Before the urination episode, the action potential... ...h violent crimes of 17 "loners" (6). She links the patterns of their crimes "with seizures, which often are preceded by auras, frequently cause irrational behavior and loss of normal bodily functions and are generally followed by a sense of disorientation" (6). According to Pontius, the seizures resulted from "limbic kindling" due to the loners lack of interpersonal relationships (6). Bottled up feelings, emotions, and memories were "triggered by people and objects" as stated by Pontius (6). The research reviews and excerpt from the PBS video, "The Violent Mind", presented in this paper strongly support the evidence of a biological basis for violence in the brain. Internet Sources: http://www.crime-times.org/96d/w96dp9.htm http://www.crime-times.org/98a/w98ap10.htm http://www.crime-times.org/96d/w96dp6.htm PBS video: Episode 8 "The Violent Mind" Violence and the Brain Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers Violence and the Brain Is there a biological basis for violent behavior in the brain? Recent research links "neurological impairments and psychoses" to violent behavior (1). The "psychological effects" of brain damage and disease can cause the mind to lose touch with reality leading to criminal and violent behavior (1). As a result, free will may be deserted in an individual suffering from abnormalities and chemical imbalances in the brain (2). Consequently, legal issues arise because violent offenders with mental illnesses or brain injuries are not always to blame due to the biological nature of their diseases (2). However, violence in psychiatric and neurological patients can be prevented for the most part through medication and "social support services" (1). A PBS video, "The Violent Mind" sparked my interest in the relationship between violence and the brain. The video presented several cases of violent assault which could be attributed to chemical imbalances in the brain (2). For example, the video illustrated the story of David Garabedian, a quiet passive man who murdered a customer of the lawn car company where David was an employee (2). David mixed lawn chemicals in their undiluted form which caused him to experience physical and mental changes in his body (2). Dr. David Bear, a physician from Vanderbuilt Medical School who looked into Davids case, claimed organophosphates in the insecticide poisoned the enzyme that clears away acetylcholine in the hypothalamus (2). Moreover, Dr. Bear stated that acetylcholine sends signals between the cells which coordinate aggression (2). This explains Davids reaction when the customer caught David urinating on her lawn (2). Before the urination episode, the action potential... ...h violent crimes of 17 "loners" (6). She links the patterns of their crimes "with seizures, which often are preceded by auras, frequently cause irrational behavior and loss of normal bodily functions and are generally followed by a sense of disorientation" (6). According to Pontius, the seizures resulted from "limbic kindling" due to the loners lack of interpersonal relationships (6). Bottled up feelings, emotions, and memories were "triggered by people and objects" as stated by Pontius (6). The research reviews and excerpt from the PBS video, "The Violent Mind", presented in this paper strongly support the evidence of a biological basis for violence in the brain. Internet Sources: http://www.crime-times.org/96d/w96dp9.htm http://www.crime-times.org/98a/w98ap10.htm http://www.crime-times.org/96d/w96dp6.htm PBS video: Episode 8 "The Violent Mind"

Maria Full of Grace

Marà ­a à lvarez, a 17-year-old Colombian girl (played by Catalina Sandino Moreno), works in sweat shop-like conditions at a flower plantation to help support her family. However, after finding herself pregnant by her boyfriend, whom she does not love, and being unjustly treated by her boss, she quits and decides to find another job, despite her family's disapproval. On her way to Bogotà ¡ to find a new job, she gets offered a position as a mule — one who smuggles drugs by swallowing drug-filled pellets.Desperate, she accepts the risky offer and swallows 62 wrapped pellets of cocaine and flies to New York City. After a close call at the US Customs (she was about to be X-rayed, until customs found out she was pregnant), she is set free and sent to a hotel where she is to remove the pellets from her body. The traffickers arrive to take the drugs. To retrieve the pellets from Lucy, a fellow mule who had died when one of the pellets ruptured inside her, the traffickers had cut open her stomach, then disposed of her body.After seeing this ruthless world firsthand, Maria decides to escape the drug-trafficking cartel. Her story becomes one of determination and survival like that of many other immigrants in the United States, although she knows nothing about the country and had originally planned to go back to Colombia. The economic hardships of Colombia and the working environment for illegals in the US are both accurately represented. Eventually realizing that her choices affect other people, she emerges with the grace that will carry her forward into a new life. In the end Maria lives her life in the United States.

Marketing Strategy of Best Buy

Syed Raheem Dr. Sonja Pollard-Mitchell MKT 301: Principles of Marketing 3 March 2010 Marketing Strategy at a Big Box Electronics Store: BEST BUY Consumer behavior is defined in a variety of ways such as â€Å"the dynamic interaction of affect and cognition, behavior and environmental events by which human beings conduct the exchange aspects of their lives. † by the American Marketing Association. (2008). In a simpler form, consumer behavior can be explained as the actions of consumers and the different approaches a person may take to decide what to buy and the decision making process. The decision making process can be effected by many factors all related to a person or persons lifestyle. Determining that behavior can be confusing and marketers need to use research techniques to understand the consumer. Understanding the intent to buy, buying process and post purchase issues from a marketing perspective raises many questions and is an in-depth process. â€Å"The basic marketing concept hold’s that firms exist to satisfy consumers’ needs. † (2004, Solomon). Once that basic concept is understood, an organization can focus on key goals to achieve a competitive advantage. Marketing strategies are used to gain better understanding of the market, consumers, environment, supply and demand and competition. The behaviors of consumers such as personality, emotions, attitudes, learning style, and perception of the consumer helps companies design their marketing techniques. External influences are also need to be studied and factors such as culture and sub-culture, demographics, social status, and family structure helps understand the decision making process of the consumer’s behavior. For marketing strategy to succeed, the insight to the consumer’s decision-making process is a good starting point. One of the many tools used for knowing consumer behavior are the four P’s of marketing, the product, place, price and promotion. By knowing the concepts of the four P’s marketers, build a strategy that can be used to achieve objectives necessary to meet companies marketing goals. Through awareness, a consumer can be more knowledgeable in buying behavior if an understanding of the four P’s of marketing are considered. [pic] Such strategies are very common in big box electronics stores such as BEST BUY. Best Buy is a specialty retailer of consumer electronics, home-office products, entertainment software, appliances and related services. Best Buy operates retail stores in many parts of the US and through their web sites under the brand name BestBuy. com and BestBuyCanada. ca. The company is always proposing new ways to increase revenue and provide the best customer service to their customers. Bob Willett, former executive president of operations for Best Buy had said, â€Å"Our goal is to create a flexible, high-velocity supply chain operating with better product availability for customers at a lower total cost for the company. Best Buy constantly lowers their prices by beating out all their competitors’ prices and maintaining quality customer service. The best way Best Buy uses price elasticity of demand to decrease prices and increase revenue is by making sure that they are offering competitor pricing, and making sure that every week prices are updated by updating what the ir competitors are currently selling their items for. According to the management, the only way to get customers to come into Best Buy is by word of mouth and the only way that is going to happen is by making sure that relationships are being built between consumers and employees. Best Buy has a strong belief that relationships between energized employees and satisfied customers will lead to profits and growth. Best Buy has been able to maintain its large scale of operations by increasing its bargaining power with consumer electronic vendors and offer more competitive prices. Best Buy has expanded its installation and repair services to consumers through several venues–both on a stand alone basis as well as mixing these offerings in its retail outlets, through Geek Squad. Best Buy Company is also socially committed and believes in educating people about technology. They are socially responsible company. This kind of behavior gives them good publicity, which is also a good marketable tool these days. The company spent $13 million in teach Awards for the school to aware them from the new technologies about the classrooms. They also gave scholarships to the students all over the world. â€Å"Best Buy stores have awarded over $13 million in scholarships to nearly 11,000 students nationwide†. In this modern world, where every day new technologies are coming up and frequently they are becoming outdated. Under this scenario, the Best buy company has to eep itself up to date and must have to keep watch out for the new technologies. In this way the company can survive under intense competition. The biggest competitors of Best Buy Company are Dell, Wal-Mart, HH Gregg and all those retailers which are supplying those products on reasonable prices. The company has also brought some changes in their business to stay in the top line. Like, they also o ffers their products online as other companies are doing to help overcome online competitors, Best Buy allows consumers to purchase their items online. Consumers then have an option of having the product shipped to their home or picking it up at a local Best Buy store. Best Buy has recently established several new partnerships bringing new products to their stores. Apple, Dell, and Napster are some of the new partnerships. Best Buy became the first retailer in the US to be able to sell the Apple iPhone. Apple sent trainers to each store in order to make each employee more knowledgeable on the iPhone. They became the only retailer able to sell Dell computers. They also recently bought in to Napster in order to try to increase their subscribers and expand the capabilities in the digital downloading business. Best Buy also bought 50% of a company called Carphone Warehouse in Europe, which was done to expand Best Buy stores into European countries. These very strategic decisions by Best Buy were another successful marketing tool. They became an exclusive place for some of the products like Dell computers and Apple iPhone. Their strategy bought in many new customers as well as increased their repeated customer’s sales. Best Buy has a certain way of targeting their customers by separating them into several different lifestyle groups. The four groups include Urban Trendsetters, Upscale Suburban, Middle America and Empty Nesters. The first lifestyle group is the Urban Trendsetters; this group makes up about 26% of their customers and about a quarter of their revenue. They are between the ages of 23-30 who is typically single. Their second lifestyle group is Upscale Suburban; they make up about 22% of their customers and about 25% of their revenue. The third lifestyle group is Middle America; they are made up of 31. % of their customers, and around 32. 9% of their revenue. The final lifestyle groups owns more than 80% of the personal savings in the US, controls 70% of the financial assets, and are at the height of their earning power. This breakdown of their customers profile helps Best buy understand their customer needs and their spending habits, which they can use in their marketing strategies. Best Buy delivers their advertisements in a very bright and joyful fashion. Most of the paper advertisements have a blue background with several yellows and reds in order to grab the consumer’s attention. Generally if they have a special for the week they will highlight it in red and put it on the bottom of the cover page. Best Buy is most well known for their yellow tag [pic]. All prices for the products are on a yellow tag whether you are looking at one of their advertisements or a price tag in their stores. This unique way of advertising helps them very much at time of promotions and sales to differ themselves from their competitions. In conclusion one of successful electronics store of our time is utilizing all the marketing strategies it needs to create new customers as well as maintain their regular loyal customers. They use a very competitive pricing policy to give them upper hand with their customers. They offer very exclusive products to their customers, which customers usually cannot find anywhere else. They use all the publicity they can get through their socially good deeds. They have done a very good research on their customers who comes in their stores and shops on their websites. They are one of the pioneers in advertisements as far as creating funny ads to make their point. All this marketing strategies have made them very profitable companies of our time. WORK CITED Solomon, M. R (2004). Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having and Being sixth edition. Upper Saddle River, N. J. : Prentice-Hall. (2008). Marketing Power. Retrieved June 30, 2008, from American Marketing Association Web site: http://www. marketingpower. com/Pages/default. aspx (2007). The Marketing Mix, the four P's of Marketing. Retrieved June 28, 2009, from Net MBA Web site: http://www. netmba. com/marketing/mix Great Ads. (2008) Best Buy Inc. Commercial etc. Retrieved Nov. 29th, 2008. http://great-ads. blogspot. com/2008/11/best-buy-funny-commercial-2008-holiday. html